獸用乳化劑在仔豬飼料中的應用

　　乳(ru)化(hua)劑是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)表面活性(xing)(xing)劑,其(qi)化(hua)學結(jie)構一(yi)般都是(shi)由極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)和非(fei)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)構成。極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)易溶于(yu)水,具有親水性(xing)(xing)質,故叫做親水基(ji)(ji)(ji);非(fei)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)易溶于(yu)油，故叫做親油基(ji)(ji)(ji)。乳(ru)化(hua)劑主要作用是(shi)將(jiang)兩(liang)種(zhong)互不相(xiang)混溶液(ye)體中的一(yi)種(zhong)進行乳(ru)化(hua),從而使其(qi)能夠均(jun)勻(yun)地分(fen)布于(yu)另--種(zhong)液(ye)體中,形(xing)成--種(zhong)均(jun)勻(yun)的乳(ru)狀液(ye)。乳(ru)化(hua)劑普遍應用于(yu)食品、醫藥、化(hua)妝品工(gong)業(ye)及(ji)其(qi)它一(yi)些工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域中,幾年來(lai),隨著飼料工(gong)業(ye)的發(fa)展,乳(ru)化(hua)劑在飼料工(gong)業(ye)中也得到越來(lai)越廣(guang)泛的應用。

　　獸用(yong)乳化劑在仔豬飼料中的(de)應用(yong)

　　仔(zi)豬飼(si)料中(zhong)使用獸用乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de):一是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)飼(si)料脂肪及能量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)率，進(jin)而達到促進(jin)仔(zi)豬生(sheng)長、提(ti)高(gao)動物(wu)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為飼(si)料脂肪在(zai)動物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)中(zhong),必須(xu)首先乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)糜微粒,然后才能被消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)所吸收,但斷(duan)奶(nai)仔(zi)豬消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)發育不完全,膽汁酸鹽和脂肪酶(mei)分(fen)(fen)泌不足,很(hen)難對脂肪進(jin)行很(hen)好(hao)地(di)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和吸收(Cera等,1988;Li等,1990),而乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑可促進(jin)或加(jia)(jia)速脂肪的(de)(de)(de)(de)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用,有利于脂肪的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和吸收。二是(shi)添加(jia)(jia)于代乳(ru)(ru)(ru)料中(zhong)，以保證(zheng)代乳(ru)(ru)(ru)料中(zhong)各種營養成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(尤其是(shi)脂溶性(xing)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))的(de)(de)(de)(de)均勻分(fen)(fen)布(bu)。三(san)是(shi)在(zai)采用后噴(pen)涂的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong),可保證(zheng)脂類物(wu)質在(zai)噴(pen)涂液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均勻分(fen)(fen)布(bu),增強霧化(hua)(hua)(hua)效果,提(ti)高(gao)噴(pen)涂質量(liang)。

　　I大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)表明(ming)，仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼料(liao)中同時添(tian)加(jia)(jia)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪和(he)乳化(hua)(hua)劑,可明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)提高(gao)飼料(liao)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪及能(neng)量(liang)(liang)的消化(hua)(hua)率(lv),促進仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),改善(shan)飼料(liao)利(li)用效率(lv)。甘溢凌研究報導,斷(duan)(duan)(duan)奶(nai)(nai)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)糧(liang)中用5%的大(da)豆(dou)卵(luan)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代替2.1%的大(da)豆(dou)油(you)(you)(you),在能(neng)量(liang)(liang)、蛋(dan)白(bai)質等主(zhu)要營養(yang)成分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)同的情況下,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可提高(gao)6.8%,節約飼料(liao)5.4%左右。艾(ai)琴等用70日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)的健康去勢公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)研究了利(li)舒寶乳化(hua)(hua)劑(以溶血磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酰膽堿為主(zhu)要活性分(fen)子的天然生物乳化(hua)(hua)劑)對(dui)生長(chang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用108頭瘦肉型(xing)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新品系的天津白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)[斷(duan)(duan)(duan)奶(nai)(nai)8齡(ling)為(34+2)d,斷(duan)(duan)(duan)奶(nai)(nai)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8.49 kg],設6個日(ri)(ri)糧(liang)處理,分(fen)別為5%豆(dou)油(you)(you)(you)、5%豆(dou)油(you)(you)(you)+0.5%大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).5%豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)(you).5%豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)(you)+0.25%大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).5%豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)(you)+0.50%大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).5%豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)(you)+0.75%大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，各日(ri)(ri)糧(liang)消化(hua)(hua)能(neng)(DE)、粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(CP)、鈣(Ca)、磷(lin)(P)、賴氨酸水平(ping)基本相(xiang)同,經28 d試(shi)驗(yan)表明(ming),不(bu)同脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪對(dui)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、采食(shi)量(liang)(liang)、飼料(liao)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)均(jun)(jun)無明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)影響(P>0.05);豆(dou)油(you)(you)(you)中添(tian)加(jia)(jia)大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、采食(shi)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)無明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)影響,但顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著提高(gao)了飼料(liao)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(P<0.05);豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)(you)中添(tian)加(jia)(jia)0.25%.0.5%.0.75%的大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、采食(shi)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)(jun)呈二次曲線性增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia),其中以0.5%添(tian)加(jia)(jia)水平(ping)為理想;不(bu)同脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪對(dui)飼料(liao)干(gan)物質、粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)質、粗(cu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪消化(hua)(hua)率(lv)無明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)影響，添(tian)加(jia)(jia)大(da)豆(dou)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)改善(shan)豆(dou)油(you)(you)(you)和(he)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)(you)的消化(hua)(hua)率(lv)。另外,仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在15~17 kg體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之前(qian),日(ri)(ri)糧(liang)中添(tian)加(jia)(jia)磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有利(li)于(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強體質,并可使斷(duan)(duan)(duan)乳應激的仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)快速生長(chang)。適宜(yi)的磷(lin)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)量(liang)(liang)是0.5~1.5 g(kg'd),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)齡(ling)越小添(tian)加(jia)(jia)量(liang)(liang)越大(da)。

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